Site Proposition Instructions
DMOZ is a web directory consisting of internet resources. The index is arranged in a hierarchy where the subjects are usually moving towards the essence. Supervision of the DMOZ is provided by volunteer editors so that sites can be added to the directory. Editors are our experts and all submitters are subject to editorial review.
We attach great importance to the quality of the index. We are not a search engine and we are proud to be very selective. We do not accept all sites, and if your site is not accepted, we ask you to consider it a personal matter. Our goal is to make the directory as useful as possible for our users. Without a directory, it is not a promotional tool that can list all (or many) of the existing sites.
To keep the DMOZ running smoothly and to help the editors, discretion, we have set some guidelines for sites to be evaluated. We may refuse, dismiss or edit the recommendation that we believe should not be included in the dispute with our discretion. We may also refuse, disinfect, or block other sites that we believe are associated with a person who violates these policies.
Please follow the steps below for each site you want to present.
First Step
Call him on the line to make sure your site is not already listed.
Second Step
Determine if the site is suitable for application:
Do not suggest a site with exactly the same (mirror) or similar content as another site already listed.
Do not suggest a site directed to another site.
Do not suggest an incomplete site with defects such as broken images, broken links.
Do not offer sites that are largely business partnership links.
Do not suggest a site with illegal content. Examples of illegal content include child pornography; slander; Content that violates intellectual property rights (copyright); Those who advocate, want or encourage illegal acts (eg fraud or violence).
Third Step
Submit the most appropriate category to the site once:
Go to the best categorization for Turkish sites in World / Turkish. Go to the English categorization for English sites.
Click on the icon next to the name of the category you have selected.
Follow the instructions on the proposal form carefully.
Note: A category without a symbol does not accept site suggestions. In such a case, please find a more accurate category.
After Submitting Site
Your suggestion will be reviewed by an editor and it will be decided whether or not it can be added to the index. According to the density in the category you are applying, the duration of the examination of the site may vary considerably. Please offer your site only once. If the same or related sites are proposed many times, all suggestions may be rejected and / or deleted.
Update Site
If a site is accepted as a directory but you are not satisfied with the description or title of the site, you can mark that site by going to the category that the site is listed in. Be polite and polite when you ask for correction. Threatening and offended expressions will not be tolerated.
Adding your site to search engines and portals using DMOZ data
When your site is accepted into the directory, the time it takes to start using this data from AOL Search, Google, Yahoo Search, and other partners using directory data may vary from one week to several months. We publish our statements weekly, but each business partner,s update schedule is different.
Editor,s Admissions Authority
To make the DMOZ a useful resource, we have to rely on the wide appreciation of the editors when deciding on the content and structure of the directory. This discretionary authority (including, but not limited to) specifies which sites are to be listed, where the sites should be placed in the list, whether more than one link should be given to a site, whether subpages are appropriate for inclusion, and how it should be described by title. In addition, the layout of a site,s layout may be changed or deleted at any time without our having considered it to be completely usable. No feature of a site can guarantee that it will be listed in the list. We hope that you will understand that an editorial may not always exercise his discretion in his work equally and equally in all applications. You may not always agree with our elections, but we want you to know that we are doing our best to make fair and reasonable decisions.
The DMOZ team is generally happy with comments and feedback about the directory. Please feel free to let us know how we can improve your thinking and service. Thank you!
Now go to the www.dmoz.org homepage to find the category you would like to recommend.
The largest directory accepted in the world is seen as Dmoz. This is followed by the Yahoo Index. These indexes have high PageRank values for home page and subpages. For this reason,
Rank value and your SEO rank increase. The presence of your site in the directory of dmoz.org will enable your site to get backlinks as fast as it is in the video promotion technique. For this reason, many indexes pull out the data on Dmoz.org to make an important index in Google,s eye. For this reason, placing your site in a directory such as Dmoz will allow your site to be displayed in many more directories. In the Dmoz.org directory you should suggest an acceptable format for publishing your site. The first criterion for acceptance of your site is that you present your site to the correct categorization. Applying a category that you think will give you more benefits but is not in the same direction as the site content is a pretty valid reason to reject your site. When you search for keywords, most of the sites that appear on the first page are listed in which category, and that should be the category you should be listed in.
Once you,ve selected your category, you,ll need to submit your site address in the appropriate format by clicking on the Suggest Address link. You should follow this tactic to be listed on DMZ: Firstly, the key word in the Site Name and description section is how close you are to the left and over. However, if you propose your site to key keywords for this reason, the editors will not be aware of your purpose and will not allow your site to be listed. So first of all, you should look at how the sites in the same category are added. How are the titles written? How are the texts written? Do you have keywords? If so, how many site descriptions and how many are there? By answering these questions, you can make the most admissible suggestions. To give an example of this, diplomas should be given a passport picture. Do they accept the image of a landscape at the rear and a sporty dress over you? Or is it a picture of a single color in the background and a suit on you? The choice between the two is clear, but if you hesitate, you can decide by figuring out the accepted pictures and how the pictures are. You should also be honest that your site is an original, quality and service-oriented site to list in DMZO. If it,s not a site with these qualities, it,s hard to get approved. Let,s take a look at the Search Engine Optimization category as an example. In the above image, there is a section of search engine optimization section.
When you look at here, there is almost no SEO phrase in the description of the site. Despite passing 2 SEO phrases, they are right in the middle of the description. The time we look at this table reduces the chances of being approved for your site by passing SEO phrases in your site description. For this reason, it should be proposed as search engine optimization, and after the approval, update the address and ask for update in SEO form. In any case, once approved it is very unlikely to be deleted. When you apply this method in all categories, you can get a big priority in your Google rank. DMOZ (The Open Directory Project) means ,Open Directory Project,. It is a system that is totally voluntary because it is called open. There is absolutely no charge to add sites or view content to the DMOZ.
DMOZ; It is an open web directory that is reviewed and published by the volunteer editors working on the system according to the categories of the web sites of the internet. DMOZ does not allow using ODP data to be placed in the directory of illegal, problematic and inferior sites. DMOZ is not just a directory we site owners use; There are many famous search engines in the world. Some of them are: AltaVista A9 AOL Clusty Gigablast Google Many search engines like Yahoo take advantage of this index. Many such search engines follow sites directly in the DMOZ and take advantage of free licensed ODP data. Many websites would like to add their own sites to this directory, but they can not succeed anyway. Because there is something they have forgotten about the room, as I mentioned above, they do not register to the DMOZ directory. The infrastructure of the DMOZ is strong and robust, so it works like a machine, and there is no disruption anywhere. Features that are required on the site before being registered to the DMOZ: There should never be duplicate content on your site, your site should have a fast and good reputation, Provide useful information that makes a difference, Must be different from similar content sites. In it DMOZ volunteer editors list the site according to certain criteria and add the correct selected category. The process of registering your site is sometimes added for 2 months or longer. During this time, volunteer editors will pass your site through a test, where your site is checked for appropriateness and the process is terminated. Why do many people prefer DMOZ? DMoz OZ is one of the best sites that a website can link to, and the number of sites that can be linked in recent times is very small. The index,s PageRank value was 8 in the last update. Do you currently have a DMOZ record next to the PageRank value when selling a site? They ask. Asking this question is the buyer,s most natural right (if the site is legal). If your site has DMOZ registration Dofollow pagerak 8 backlink, as well as many visitors to the site will gain publicity.
I will write other articles for you about the DMOZ tomorrow for your valuable readers and I will include them in the system and I hope that our efforts will not go to waste. These writings will help you one day. Your registration to Google search engine does not mean to go out on google like everyone else thinks . Although many people registered their site, they complain about being able to go out on google. Just register is not enough, there are a few more bases you should do them correctly, even if you fulfill other factors at the same time, even a unregistered bi site will never come up in searches on google, so let us teach you how to register our site for our google search engine. 1- URL Recording (Registering on the Google Search Engine) Dmoz.org Google is a web category that is managed by people who are rated by many major search engines, including Yahoo and MSN. All over the world, volunteer editors enter the sites under the required categories, the links sent to the site owners are reviewed or disapproved. You can also apply to become an editor by selecting a category in which you have information to contribute to the open directory project, also known as Dmoz. If you notice what we are describing in this article, the listing time on your site in Dmoz may be very short. -) How do I send a sitemap to Dmoz? For your site you want to register in Dmoz, you must first choose the most logical category. Please note that if your site is in this category, you should choose the category where your site should be found as a logical rather than the category you are referring to. For example, if you have a site that offers games for mobile devices, and you submit this site under Top: World:: English: Internet category, it will be deleted unacceptably, or it will be posted to the most likely necessary directory, Your mobile gaming site will be the most logical choice if you send it to the
Top: Computers: Mobile: Games directory. Please send the sites under the necessary category in the main index, not under the Turkish index. The Top: Regional: Middle East: Turkey category is strongly recommended for English promotions of hotels in Turkey or hotel tourism sites.
things to watch out for when registering to Dmoz After you have selected the most logical directory, you need to enter that directory and click the ,Suggest address, link on the top right. Now we will review the individual places you need to fill in the Dmoz registration page. Address of the Site: We are writing here your site starting with http: //. If your site is multilingual, it will be correct to give the full Turkish homepage address because we are in Turkish eg http // www.domainadiniz.com / tr -) The title of the site: The biggest mistake here is the slogan words, the title you want to appear in the search engines, Use only the words ,search engine, for our information site or use the title ,Turkish search engine,. The most accurate title for us will be ,Search Engine Knowledge,. That is, you should choose what is the official name of your site. Just type in the first letters of your headline, such as ,Search Engine Information,. Certainly do not use all capital letters like ,DMOZ REGISTRATION,. The title of the site is a big influence on the search engines, but you should choose it in the most optimal way because the record in the wrong selection can become extinct and a badly selected title can change instantly in the editor. -)
Site Explanation: Do not make typos, pay attention to punctuation, do not use capital letters, do not use html, do not make the first letter of each word as in the title, do not rewrite the title of the site into the description. Most importantly, do not advertise your site with exaggerated phrases such as ,turkey,s mobile computing center, ,wonderful site, ,super site, ... Example for search engine information site ,Articles about search engines and important tips., Can be. The first words in a hint explanation we can give here are important for your site,s optimization. The choice of these first words is very important, I suggest you start with the words that you optimize your site, but be absolutely sure that the sense of impairment is not meaningful. Carefully review the other explanations in the category you wish to register with your site, you can make a copy from these previously accepted sites. -) Your Email Address: do not be afraid to type in your email address as well, nobody will send you spam from DMOZ Finally, on the link and differences between the Google and Dmoz categories
I want to stop. Google periodically backs up Dmoz and makes some changes to it on its site. Sites that enter Dmoz will also appear in Google Categorizations after a while. According to Google PR, these sites can be ranked in a particular order, but sometimes they can post sites that have been submitted by Google site owners but have not yet been approved by the editors. I do not think you will have any problems with the content of the site in Turkish anyway. Yes, my brothers have been trying very hard to register for the google search engine. I wanted to share with you all the things I have done. When I did this, I moved the site up to about 10 pages. At the moment, I can be on the first page of google. I think it is best to focus on the most sensible word by making a logical search. If you want the most users to write what you want most, concentrate on it. I do not mean to say this but always write the same word over and over again. As a result of your Dmoz ODP investigations, I will immediately share the information on this page as you have come to this page. But if you call the DMOZ on the way, you can reach the correspondence on the Dmoz page on the bottom, which attracts your interest from http://www.resource-zone.com/. You can use the DMOZ prior to registration at http://www.dmoz.org/docs/en/guidelines/include.html for availability and availability. I made the application 4 months ago. So far my system has not been added to the index and a DMOZ editor who e-mailed me gave me a classic reply, as if it could be added to the directory in 30 days, 1 year, and so on.
These directories are able to get paid backlogs between 4 and 6 pages per malasef but the lifetime of the site. Free and PageRank value seems to be quite difficult to have a high site. Because in this case there will be a lot of irrelevant pages related to the site and the index will not make much sense. There is no doubt that there is dir.yahoo.com, which is a yahoo directory at number one. It will be important to choose the correct category in all directories as well. Suggest a Site, Submit Link, etc. Yahoo can record with review guarantee within 7 days for $ 229 per year, as well as recording free of charge with standard addition. However, there is no clear information on when to add it and how long it will remain on the list. I also add other directories for your review. When you write link: www.examplesite.com, you will get some BacLinks, ie sites that link to you. Sometimes this may be on your own page. Of course, Google does not show every user to all of them because of competition. It is possible to see all internal and external links in your webmaster tools account. Including your site in DMOZ does not give the site a special privilege or a different status. The value of the link from the DMOZ is the same as the index of the same PageRank or backlink received from the site. So you can also get your PageRank value from another quality site. In fact DMOZ was popular in its time, and some of the services were used by Google very long ago. As a result, if you are not involved in the DMOZ, do not worry about it at all.
Database architecture consists of three levels, external, conceptual and internal. Clearly separating the three levels was a major feature of the relational database model that dominates 21st century databases.[2]
The external level defines how users understand the organization of the data. A single database can have any number of views at the external level. The internal level defines how the data is physically stored and processed by the computing system. Internal architecture is concerned with cost, performance, scalability and other operational matters. The conceptual is a level of indirection between internal and external. It provides a common view of the database that is uncomplicated by details of how the data is stored or managed, and that can unify the various external views into a coherent whole.[2]
Database management systems
Main article: Database management system
A database management system (DBMS) consists of software that operates databases, providing storage, access, security, backup and other facilities. Database management systems can be categorized according to the database model that they support, such as relational or XML, the type(s) of computer they support, such as a server cluster or a mobile phone, the query language(s) that access the database, such as SQL or XQuery, performance trade-offs, such as maximum scale or maximum speed or others. Some DBMS cover more than one entry in these categories, e.g., supporting multiple query languages. Examples of some commonly used DBMS are MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft Access, SQL Server, FileMaker,Oracle,Sybase, dBASE, Clipper,FoxPro etc. Almost every database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver that allows the database to integrate with other databases.
Components of DBMS
Most DBMS as of 2009[update] implement a relational model.[3] Other DBMS systems, such as Object DBMS, offer specific features for more specialized requirements. Their components are similar, but not identical.
RDBMS components
* Sublanguages— Relational DBMS (RDBMS) include Data Definition Language (DDL) for defining the structure of the database, Data Control Language (DCL) for defining security/access controls, and Data Manipulation Language (DML) for querying and updating data.
* Interface drivers—These drivers are code libraries that provide methods to prepare statements, execute statements, fetch results, etc. Examples include ODBC, JDBC, MySQL/PHP, FireBird/Python.
* SQL engine—This component interprets and executes the DDL, DCL, and DML statements. It includes three major components (compiler, optimizer, and executor).
* Transaction engine—Ensures that multiple SQL statements either succeed or fail as a group, according to application dictates.
* Relational engine—Relational objects such as Table, Index, and Referential integrity constraints are implemented in this component.
* Storage engine—This component stores and retrieves data from secondary storage, as well as managing transaction commit and rollback, backup and recovery, etc.
ODBMS components
Object DBMS (ODBMS) has transaction and storage components that are analogous to those in an RDBMS. Some DBMS handle DDL, DML and update tasks differently. Instead of using sublanguages, they provide APIs for these purposes. They typically include a sublanguage and accompanying engine for processing queries with interpretive statements analogous to but not the same as SQL. Example object query languages are OQL, LINQ, JDOQL, JPAQL and others. The query engine returns collections of objects instead of relational rows.
Types
This section does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2010)
Operational database
These databases store detailed data about the operations of an organization. They are typically organized by subject matter, process relatively high volumes of updates using transactions. Essentially every major organization on earth uses such databases. Examples include customer databases that record contact, credit, and demographic information about a business' customers, personnel databases that hold information such as salary, benefits, skills data about employees, Enterprise resource planning that record details about product components, parts inventory, and financial databases that keep track of the organization's money, accounting and financial dealings.
Data warehouse
Data warehouses archive modern data from operational databases and often from external sources such as market research firms. Often operational data undergoes transformation on its way into the warehouse, getting summarized, anonymized, reclassified, etc. The warehouse becomes the central source of data for use by managers and other end-users who may not have access to operational data. For example, sales data might be aggregated to weekly totals and converted from internal product codes to use UPC codes so that it can be compared with ACNielsen data.Some basic and essential components of data warehousing include retrieving and analyzing data, transforming,loading and managing data so as to make it available for further use.
Analytical database
Analysts may do their work directly against, a data warehouse, or create a separate analytic database for Online Analytical Processing. For example, a company might extract sales records for analyzing the effectiveness of advertising and other sales promotions at an aggregate level.
Distributed database
These are databases of local work-groups and departments at regional offices, branch offices, manufacturing plants and other work sites. These databases can include segments of both common operational and common user databases, as well as data generated and used only at a user’s own site.
End-user database
These databases consist of data developed by individual end-users. Examples of these are collections of documents in spreadsheets, word processing and downloaded files, even managing their personal baseball card collection.
External database
These databases contain data collected for use across multiple organizations, either freely or via subscription. The Internet Movie Database is one example.
Hypermedia databases
The Worldwide web can be thought of as a database, albeit one spread across millions of independent computing systems. Web browsers "process" this data one page at a time, while web crawlers and other software provide the equivalent of database indexes to support search and other activities.
Models
Main article: Database model
Post-relational database models
Products offering a more general data model than the relational model are sometimes classified as post-relational.[4] Alternate terms include "hybrid database", "Object-enhanced RDBMS" and others. The data model in such products incorporates relations but is not constrained by E.F. Codd's Information Principle, which requires that
all information in the database must be cast explicitly in terms of values in relations and in no other way[5]
Some of these extensions to the relational model integrate concepts from technologies that pre-date the relational model. For example, they allow representation of a directed graph with trees on the nodes.
Some post-relational products extend relational systems with non-relational features. Others arrived in much the same place by adding relational features to pre-relational systems. Paradoxically, this allows products that are historically pre-relational, such as PICK and MUMPS, to make a plausible claim to be post-relational.
Object database models
Main article: Object database
In recent years[update], the object-oriented paradigm has been applied in areas such as engineering and spatial databases, telecommunications and in various scientific domains. The conglomeration of object oriented programming and database technology led to this new kind of database. These databases attempt to bring the database world and the application-programming world closer together, in particular by ensuring that the database uses the same type system as the application program. This aims to avoid the overhead (sometimes referred to as the impedance mismatch) of converting information between its representation in the database (for example as rows in tables) and its representation in the application program (typically as objects). At the same time, object databases attempt to introduce key ideas of object programming, such as encapsulation and polymorphism, into the world of databases.
A variety of these ways have been tried[by whom?] for storing objects in a database. Some products have approached the problem from the application-programming side, by making the objects manipulated by the program persistent. This also typically requires the addition of some kind of query language, since conventional programming languages do not provide language-level functionality for finding objects based on their information content. Others[which?] have attacked the problem from the database end, by defining an object-oriented data model for the database, and defining a database programming language that allows full programming capabilities as well as traditional query facilities.
Storage structures
Main article: Database storage structures
Databases may store relational tables/indexes in memory or on hard disk in one of many forms:
* ordered/unordered flat files
* ISAM
* heaps
* hash buckets
* logically-blocked files
* B+ trees
The most commonly used[citation needed] are B+ trees and ISAM.
Object databases use a range of storage mechanisms. Some use virtual memory-mapped files to make the native language (C++, Java etc.) objects persistent. This can be highly efficient but it can make multi-language access more difficult. Others disassemble objects into fixed- and varying-length components that are then clustered in fixed sized blocks on disk and reassembled into the appropriate format on either the client or server address space. Another popular technique involves storing the objects in tuples (much like a relational database) which the database server then reassembles into objects for the client.[citation needed]
Other techniques include clustering by category (such as grouping data by month, or location), storing pre-computed query results, known as materialized views, partitioning data by range (e.g., a data range) or by hash.
Memory management and storage topology can be important design choices for database designers as well. Just as normalization is used to reduce storage requirements and improve database designs, conversely denormalization is often used to reduce join complexity and reduce query execution time.[6]
Indexing
Main article: Index (database)
Indexing is a technique for improving database performance. The many types of index share the common property that they eliminate the need to examine every entry when running a query. In large databases, this can reduce query time/cost by orders of magnitude. The simplest form of index is a sorted list of values that can be searched using a binary search with an adjacent reference to the location of the entry, analogous to the index in the back of a book. The same data can have multiple indexes (an employee database could be indexed by last name and hire date.)
Indexes affect performance, but not results. Database designers can add or remove indexes without changing application logic, reducing maintenance costs as the database grows and database usage evolves.
Given a particular query, the DBMS' query optimizer is responsible for devising the most efficient strategy for finding matching data. The optimizer decides which index or indexes to use, how to combine data from different parts of the database, how to provide data in the order requested, etc.
Indexes can speed up data access, but they consume space in the database, and must be updated each time the data is altered. Indexes therefore can speed data access but slow data maintenance. These two properties determine whether a given index is worth the cost.
Transactions
Main article: Database transaction
This section may stray from the topic of the article into the topic of another article, Database management system. Please help improve this section or discuss this issue on the talk page. (November 2010)
As every software system, a DBMS operates in a faulty computing environment and prone to failures of many kinds. A failure can corrupt the respective database unless special measures are taken to prevent this. A DBMS achieves certain levels of fault tolerance by encapsulating in database transactions units of work (executed programs) performed upon the respective database.
The ACID rules
Main article: ACID
Most DBMS provide some form of support for transactions, which allow multiple data items to be updated in a consistent fashion, such that updates that are part of a transaction succeed or fail in unison. The so-called ACID rules, summarized here, characterize this behavior:
* Atomicity: Either all the data changes in a transaction must happen, or none of them. The transaction must be completed, or else it must be undone (rolled back).
* Consistency: Every transaction must preserve the declared consistency rules for the database.
* Isolation: Two concurrent transactions cannot interfere with one another. Intermediate results within one transaction must remain invisible to other transactions. The most extreme form of isolation is serializability, meaning that transactions that take place concurrently could instead be performed in some series, without affecting the ultimate result.
* Durability: Completed transactions cannot be aborted later or their results discarded. They must persist through (for instance) DBMS restarts.
In practice, many DBMSs allow the selective relaxation of these rules to balance perfect behavior with optimum performance.
Concurrency control and locking
Main article: Concurrency control
Concurrency control is essential for the correctness of transactions executed concurrently in a DBMS, which is the common execution mode for performance reasons. The main concern and goal of concurrency control is isolation.
Isolation
Isolation refers to the ability of one transaction to see the results of other transactions. Greater isolation typically reduces performance and/or concurrency, leading DBMSs to provide administrative options to reduce isolation. For example, in a database that analyzes trends rather than looking at low-level detail, increased performance might justify allowing readers to see uncommitted changes ("dirty reads".)
A common way to achieve isolation is by locking. When a transaction modifies a resource, the DBMS stops other transactions from also modifying it, typically by locking it. Locks also provide one method of ensuring that data does not change while a transaction is reading it or even that it doesn't change until a transaction that once read it has completed.
Lock types
Locks can be shared[7] or exclusive, and can lock out readers and/or writers. Locks can be created implicitly by the DBMS when a transaction performs an operation, or explicitly at the transaction's request.
Shared locks allow multiple transactions to lock the same resource. The lock persists until all such transactions complete. Exclusive locks are held by a single transaction and prevent other transactions from locking the same resource.
Read locks are usually shared, and prevent other transactions from modifying the resource. Write locks are exclusive, and prevent other transactions from modifying the resource. On some systems, write locks also prevent other transactions from reading the resource.
The DBMS implicitly locks data when it is updated, and may also do so when it is read. Transactions explicitly lock data to ensure that they can complete without complications. Explicit locks may be useful for some administrative tasks.[8][9]
Locking can significantly affect database performance, especially with large and complex transactions in highly concurrent environments.
Lock granularity
Locks can be coarse, covering an entire database, fine-grained, covering a single data item, or intermediate covering a collection of data such as all the rows in a RDBMS table.
Deadlocks
Deadlocks occur when two transactions each require data that the other has already locked exclusively. Deadlock detection is performed by the DBMS, which then aborts one of the transactions and allows the other to complete.
Replication
Main article: Database replication
Database replication involves maintaining multiple copies of a database on different computers, to allow more users to access it, or to allow a secondary site to immediately take over if the primary site stops working. Some DBMS piggyback replication on top of their transaction logging facility, applying the primary's log to the secondary in near real-time. Database clustering is a related concept for handling larger databases and user communities by employing a cluster of multiple computers to host a single database that can use replication as part of its approach.[10][11]
Security
Main article: Database security
Database security denotes the system, processes, and procedures that protect a database from unauthorized activity.
DBMSs usually enforce security through access control, auditing, and encryption:
* Access control manages who can connect to the database via authentication and what they can do via authorization.
* Auditing records information about database activity: who, what, when, and possibly where.
* Encryption protects data at the lowest possible level by storing and possibly transmitting data in an unreadable form. The DBMS encrypts data when it is added to the database and decrypts it when returning query results. This process can occur on the client side of a network connection to prevent unauthorized access at the point of use.
Confidentiality
Law and regulation governs the release of information from some databases, protecting medical history, driving records, telephone logs, etc.
In the United Kingdom, database privacy regulation falls under the Office of the Information Commissioner. Organizations based in the United Kingdom and holding personal data in digital format such as databases must register with the Office.[12]
See also
* Comparison of relational database management systems
* Comparison of database tools
* Data hierarchy
* Database design
* Database theory
* Database-centric architecture
* Datastructure
* Document-oriented database
* Government database
* In-memory database
* Real time database
* Web database
